Research and development | Definition, Types, Examples, Strategy ...
2024年12月13日 · research and development, in industry, two intimately related processes by which new products and new forms of old products are brought into being through technological innovation. Introduction and definitions
Research and development - Independent Labs | Britannica
2024年12月13日 · Research and development - Independent Labs: The concept of a laboratory that maintains itself solely by selling research originated with the Mellon Institute in Pittsburgh before World War I.
operations research - Encyclopedia Britannica
2024年12月3日 · Operations research, application of scientific methods to the management and administration of organized military, governmental, commercial, and industrial processes. Operations research attempts to provide those who manage organized systems with an objective and quantitative basis for decision; it
Computer - History, Technology, Innovation | Britannica
2024年12月20日 · Most significant for the development of computing, the transformation of multiplication into addition greatly simplified the possibility of mechanization. Analog calculating devices based on Napier’s logarithms—representing digital values with analogous physical lengths—soon appeared.
Automotive industry | History, Overview, Definition, Developments ...
2024年12月27日 · Although steam-powered road vehicles were produced earlier, the origins of the automotive industry are rooted in the development of the gasoline engine in the 1860s and ’70s, principally in France and Germany.
Basic research | science | Britannica
Basic research is defined as the work of scientists and others who pursue their investigations without conscious goals, other than the desire to unravel the secrets of nature. In modern programs of industrial research and development, basic research (sometimes called pure research) is usually not…
Nanomedicine | Definition, Research, & Applications | Britannica
Research, applications, and key concepts. Although nanomedicine research and development is actively pursued in numerous countries, the United States, the EU (particularly Germany), and Japan have made significant contributions from the field’s outset.
Michigan | Capital, Map, Population, History, & Facts | Britannica
2 天之前 · Michigan is the only one of the states to be split into two large land segments: the sparsely populated but mineral-rich Upper Peninsula (commonly called “the U.P.”) slices eastward from northern Wisconsin between Lakes Superior and Michigan, and the mitten-shaped Lower Peninsula reaches northward from Indiana and Ohio.Indeed, for most Michigan residents, an …
Global warming | Definition, Causes, Effects, Solutions, & Facts ...
2024年12月31日 · This article provides an overview of the scientific background related to the subject of global warming. It considers the causes of rising near-surface air temperatures, the influencing factors, the process of climate research and forecasting, and the possible ecological and social impacts of rising temperatures.
Dmitri Mendeleev | Biography, Periodic Table, & Facts | Britannica
2024年12月4日 · He received a master’s degree in 1856 and began to conduct research in organic chemistry. Financed by a government fellowship, he went to study abroad for two years at the University of Heidelberg .