Vitamin C deficiency, historically known as scurvy, was associated with sailors in the Victorian times, however, a global review in 2020 suggests it still exists in certain at-risk groups. A case is ...

Primary chronic osteomyelitis of the jaw is an uncommon non-suppurative, chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin. It can manifest as early or adult onset and is characterised by lack of pus ...

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A previously healthy man developed pulmonary symptoms 2 weeks after starting treatment with a tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor. A negative interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) test was obtained ...

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a liver disease that leads to progressive destruction and stricturing of the biliary tree. Unfortunately, apart from orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), ...

A female in her 50s developed a headache, collapsed and was noted to have an acute atraumatic subdural haemorrhage (SDH) requiring surgical evacuation and intracranial pressure-directed therapy. Her ...

Spontaneous tumour lysis syndrome (STLS) is a rare oncological emergency characterised by the spontaneous destruction of tumour cells in the absence of chemotherapy, with the release of large amounts ...

A thyroid storm (or thyroid crisis) is an emergency in endocrinology. It is a form of complication of hyperthyroidism that can be life-threatening. Inadequate control of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy ...

Pembrolizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) that blocks programmed death receptor 1 and its ligands, is an effective immunotherapy for malignancies such as ...

An adult man in his 30s with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus and hypertension presented with a 33 lb weight gain, generalised swelling and classic Cushingoid features, including proximal muscle ...

Prolonged glucocorticoid overexposure leads to Cushing’s syndrome (CS). It is characterised by diverse metabolic, cardiovascular and bone mineral manifestations. A middle-aged woman presented for a ...

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a life-threatening illness. It is a great masquerader that mimics many respiratory illnesses, warranting a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. It should be ...