In Chapter 7 we studied some of the basic properties of operational amplifiers. There are an enormous number of ways that op amps can be applied to process analog signals. In this chapter we will ...

The major limitation of an ordinary diode, which leads to the principle of using diodes with op-amps, is that an ordinary diode cannot rectify voltages below V r, the cut-in voltage of the diode.

After a brief review of the history of the K2-W vacuum-tube op amp, an LTspice model is used to create its schematic in ...