The STNR is a primitive reflex that is characterized by upper extremity (UE) extension and lower extremity (LE) flexion with neck extension, and by UE flexion and LE extension with neck flexion.

Reflex testing involves deep-tendon and abnormal ... the patient complains of shooting electric-like sensations in the lower extremities when his/her neck is maximally flexed (Figure 11).

and symmetry of lower extremity reflexes. The abdomen should be palpated to determine the presence of suprapubic fullness suggestive of bladder distension. A palpable left lower quadrant mass can ...